The climate crisis has emerged as one of the most alarming threats to humanity. While it affects countries across the globe, those located near the equator—such as India and Pakistan—are especially vulnerable. These regions receive the maximum solar radiation, and when combined with the thick blanket of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, the result is devastating environmental and human consequences.
Rising Greenhouse Gases and a Warming Planet
Rapid population growth, industrial expansion, lifestyle changes, and excessive dependence on fossil fuels have all accelerated the release of greenhouse gases. The burning of petrol, diesel, and coal not only increases carbon dioxide levels but also emits carbon black particles, which trap heat and accelerate the melting of glaciers. This dual effect—global temperature rise and glacier melt—is reshaping the climate of South Asia.
Changing Weather Patterns in the Indo-Pak Region
The Indo-Pak region has already experienced a temperature rise of 1-1.5°C compared to pre-industrial times. This increase has dramatically altered weather patterns, leading to longer dry spells, unpredictable rain cycles, cloudbursts, and extreme seasonal variations. Summers are now blisteringly hot, winters unusually cold, and the frequency of natural disasters is on the rise. Diseases like dengue fever are also spreading more rapidly, often linked to climate-induced environmental changes.
Human and Economic Impact
Home to about 1.75 billion people, the Indo-Pak region is one of the most densely populated areas on Earth. Heatwaves have become a major public health hazard, leading to dehydration, illness, water shortages, and even deaths. In 2024, Jacobabad, Pakistan, recorded a staggering 52°C, one of the highest temperatures ever recorded globally.
Such extreme heat triggers other catastrophic events like flash floods, which have caused massive destruction in recent years—displacing millions, destroying crops and infrastructure, and costing billions of dollars. It’s estimated that climate-related losses amount to around 4% of Pakistan’s GDP each year. If left unaddressed, these damages will only intensify, leading to rising unemployment, social unrest, and increased crime rates.
Melting Glaciers: The Silent Catastrophe
Pakistan, often referred to as the “Land of Glaciers,” hosts over 6,000 glaciers in its northern regions. These glaciers feed the Indus, Chenab, and Jhelum rivers—critical sources of water for agriculture and hydroelectric power. However, nearly 30% of these glaciers have already been exposed due to rising temperatures. Melting glaciers not only trigger avalanches that endanger local communities but also threaten long-term water availability. Reduced river flows will directly impact agriculture, food prices, and the overall economy, deepening Pakistan’s existing economic challenges.
Global Responsibility and Regional Cooperation
Ironically, the largest emitters of greenhouse gases—countries like China and the United States—are not the ones facing the harshest consequences. Developing nations such as Pakistan and India bear the brunt of the crisis despite contributing relatively little to global emissions.
While political tensions and decades of mistrust have divided India and Pakistan, climate change presents an opportunity for cooperation. Joint efforts in climate mitigation, data sharing, and disaster management could not only save millions of lives but also strengthen their position in demanding climate justice and funding from industrialized nations.
The Way Forward
If the climate crisis in South Asia continues to be ignored, both India and Pakistan risk facing an uncertain and perilous future—marked by food insecurity, economic collapse, and political instability. It’s time for both nations to recognize that climate knows no borders. Collaborative regional action, supported by global accountability, is the only sustainable path toward survival and resilience.
