The Burden of Strategic Discrimination Few states have been subjected to as persistent and institutionalized a form of nuclear discrimination as Pakistan. Since the 1970s, it has contended with a …
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latestTraditional and Non Traditional Security Challenges
Budgeting Without Boundaries: Why Pakistan’s Fiscal Dysfunction Is More Than Just a Technical Problem
by Hasnat Ahmadby Hasnat AhmadWhen you strip down a country’s budget to its core, it should represent much more than a ledger of numbers. It should be a commitment to priorities, an honest declaration …
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latestTraditional and Non Traditional Security Challenges
Global Development in Era of Economic Tumult
‘It was the best of times, it was the worst of times’ the phrase coming from Charles Dickens famous novel, ‘the tale of two cities,’ well reflects the reality of …
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Global Nuclear Order and Geopoliticslatest
Assessing the Prospects of China-Iran Alignment amid the 12-Day War
The 12-day conflict between Israel and Iran resulted in the most intense escalation in the Middle East in a decade. It also revealed a critical gap in Iran’s Military capability, …
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latestStrategic Stability in South Asia
A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan-India Diplomatic Response After the Pahalgam Crisis
While the military aspects of the recent India-Pakistan crisis have garnered significant attention, the diplomatic and foreign policy dimensions have received comparatively less focus. Soon after the Pahalgam attack, India …
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latestStrategic Stability in South Asia
Why War is No More an Option between India and Pakistan
by Felix Edgarby Felix EdgarAbstractLatent conflict between nuclear armed rivals India and Pakistan, characterizes fragility of Strategic Stability in South Asia. Breakdown of deterrence, could have catastrophic consequences for the region and beyond. India …
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latestNuclear Politics
From Sarin to Software: How AI Exposes Vulnerabilities in the Chemical Weapons Convention
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) has made significant strides since its inception. It evolved from the Geneva Protocol 1925, which fell short due to its inability to suggest disarmament of …
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Kashmir Conflict, State and Societylatest
Pakistan-India Crisis Escalation 7.0: A Dangerous Playbook of Strategic Restraint
In the international arena, every crisis offers an opportunity for states to draw lessons and mature as responsible actors. Clausewitz famously defined war as the continuation of politics by other …
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Emerging Technologies Strategies and Warfarelatest
AI-Driven Warfare: Navigating the Legal Ambiguities, Accountability Gaps, and Escalation Concerns
by Maheen Buttby Maheen ButtModern Artificial Technology is transforming the operational landscape across several domains. However, its integration into military operations is raising grave concerns, and this is just the beginning. The use of …
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Emerging Technologies Strategies and Warfarelatest
PAF’s Central Role in Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos
by Zohaib Altafby Zohaib AltafWhen India launched airstrikes across the border targeting civilian areas in multiple Pakistani cities, it wasn’t just a provocation—it was a deliberate attempt to reset the rules of engagement. New …